A study by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) found that both the public and commercial sectors received bribe payments totaling around 5 billion.
According to the "2021 Ghana Integrity of Public Services Survey" study, 26.7 percent of public sector employees and 9.1 percent of private sector employees engaged in bribery.
Professor Samuel Kobina Annim, the government statistician, claims that there is a lot of corruption in the Ghana Police Service.
The Ghana Immigration Service and the Ghana Revenue Authority came in second and third, with 53.2 percent and 37.4 percent of corrupt cases, respectively, for the service.
Ghana's prevalence of corruption
The analysis also revealed that 26.7 percent of Ghanaians engage in bribery, suggesting that one in four persons who interacted with public officials in the year before to the poll had either been requested to pay a bribe or were offered a bribe but declined to do so.
According to the poll, Ghana's rural and urban areas have the same prevalence of bribery on average. But there are significant differences across the 16 regions of the nation.
For instance, the regional incidence of bribery was significantly lower than the national rate in the Bono East, Savannah, and Volta regions. The percentages of corruption in the three areas were 11.8 percent, 14.5 percent, and 19.1 percent, respectively.
The percentage of corrupt instances recorded was much greater in the Western North, Ahafo, and North East areas, at 53.4, 47.0, and 41.9 percent, respectively.
The study also revealed that there were age-related differences in Ghana's prevalence of bribery.
"Compared to the elder population, younger persons are more prone to pay bribes. The report noted that "the prevalence of bribery decreased steadily to 17.6 percent among those aged 65 and over, while bribery among the youngest adult age group 18 to 24 has a prevalence of 23.9 percent," adding that "Ghanaians aged 25 to 34 years were the age group most likely to pay bribes" in 2021.
Bribery among educated people
The poll also revealed that individuals with various levels of educational attainment experienced bribery to varying degrees, and a variety of circumstances may account for the variations that affect the acts of bribery.
"One has to do with the kind of public official individuals deal with and the kind of public services they want. As the former may be thought to be more likely to have the resources to pay bribes, corrupt public officials may also frequently target them more than weaker socioeconomic groups, according to the survey.
Indeed, the poll revealed that people with the greatest level of education, such as a bachelor's degree or above, are the group most likely to engage with public officials and the most likely to encounter bribe demands.
This indicates that those with the greatest degree of tertiary education in Ghana are 1.7 times more likely to report having paid a bribe than those with no formal education when they come into contact with a public official.
The private sector is corrupt
Similar to the public sector, there were significant regional variations in the contact rates with private sector workers in Ghana. In the Greater Accra, Western, and Western North regions, the contact rates were significantly higher than in the Upper West, Oti, and Bono East regions (11.2 percent, 17.7 percent, and 18.5 percent, respectively).
Furthermore, because more private services are likely to be used in urban regions than in rural ones, the contact rate with private sector workers there is significantly greater (46.9% vs. 27.6%).
Bribery is common in the private sector.
The study found that paying bribes to private sector workers is far less common than to public officials in Ghana, and that contact rates with private sector workers are similarly substantially lower than those with public officials.
But in 2021, public sector bribery was more common than the private sector, with a frequency of 26.7 percent compared to 9.1 percent.
In addition, there are no discernible differences in the incidence of bribery between the public sector and urban and People in rural areas are more inclined to bribe private sector workers than they are in metropolitan areas.
The incidence of private sector bribery varies noticeably among Ghana's regions, according to the research.
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