*SAMPLE QUESTIONS ON Early Grade Science II*
- Briefly explain two activities that you would use to help basic 2 learner understand that sun light carries energy. Clue: think of you can use magnifying glass to trap sunlight onto balloon, pieces of paper etc.
- State two importance each of protein, vitamins and minerals in protective foods
- In what three strategies would you as a teacher emphasise the importance of protein, vitamin and minerals in maintaining overall health to early grade learners? Clue: here, you briefly mention a strategy like demonstration, activity method, role play, discussion, then you explain how you will go about it briefly.
- What is an open circuit? Explain its significance in understanding the flow of electricity
- Given the following materials; two identical potted plants (of the same species),
two small pots with soil, watering can, labels and markers, ruler or measuring tape, demonstrate the importance of sunlight for plant growth. Clue: look for how you will use two potted plants to show that sunlight is important for photosynthesis.
- Draw the circuit symbols for the following electrical components; battery, switch/key, diode, resistor, inductor, capacitor and a transistor
- State two differences between resistors connected in series and resistors connected in parallel
- Three resistors of resistances R1=50Ω, R2=41Ω and R3=0.5 Ω, are connected in series. Draw the circuit diagram and calculate the total resistance
- There is a misconception among your basic 2 pupils that simple tools like knife, scissors, claw hammer and bottle opener cannot be classified as machines. To them, machines are big movable equipment used in factories. Using activity method of teaching, explain briefly to your learners that indeed each above named tool is an example of a simple machine
- Your mentor asked you to design a demonstration lesson to teach his basic 3 pupils. Briefly explain the term ‘Demonstration Lesson’.
- State 3 importance of using demonstration lesson to teach your learners
- Briefly explain the process of photosynthesis
ANSWERS
### Activities demonstrating sunlight's energy:
1. **Using a Magnifying Glass:** Show how sunlight focused through a magnifying glass can heat up and pop a balloon or ignite a piece of paper.
2. **Solar Oven:** Construct a simple solar oven using a cardboard box and aluminum foil to demonstrate how sunlight can cook food or melt chocolate.
### Importance of Proteins, Vitamins, and Minerals:
- **Proteins:** Essential for growth and repair of tissues, crucial for enzymes and hormones.
- **Vitamins:** Assist in various bodily functions, like boosting immunity or aiding vision.
- **Minerals:** Help in bone and teeth formation, nerve function, and maintaining proper hydration.
### Strategies to Teach Importance of Nutrients:
1. **Role Play:** Students act as different nutrients, demonstrating their functions in the body through actions or dialogues.
2. **Discussion:** Engage students in a guided conversation, discussing the role of nutrients while using relatable examples like food items or scenarios.
### Open Circuit and Significance:
An open circuit is a circuit where there's a break, interrupting the flow of electricity. Understanding open circuits helps comprehend how a complete path is necessary for electricity to flow continuously.
### Importance of Sunlight for Plant Growth:
Using the identical potted plants, place one in sunlight and the other in a dark area. Observe and record differences in growth over time, highlighting how the plant in sunlight thrives due to photosynthesis.
### Circuit Symbols:
- Battery: ⏚
- Switch/Key: ⊕ or ⎓
- Diode: ➡️
- Resistor: 🜉
- Inductor: 🜈
- Capacitor: 🜘
- Transistor: 🜫
### Resistors in Series vs. Parallel:
- **Series:** Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.
- **Parallel:** Total resistance is less than the smallest individual resistance.
### Total Resistance in Series Circuit:
Total resistance (R_total) = R1 + R2 + R3 = 50Ω + 41Ω + 0.5Ω = 91.5Ω
### Simple Tools as Simple Machines:
Through an activity, show how each tool facilitates work: a knife cuts (like a wedge), scissors shear (like a lever), a claw hammer pulls (like a pulley), and a bottle opener pivots (like a lever).
### Demonstration Lesson:
A demonstration lesson involves teaching by showcasing and explaining a concept or skill through a demonstration, usually engaging students actively.
### Importance of Demonstration Lessons:
1. **Visual Learning:** Enhances comprehension by providing a visual aid.
2. **Engagement:** Captures attention and interest through practical examples.
3. **Concept Clarity:** Helps clarify complex ideas through real-time examples or experiments.
### Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and releases oxygen as a byproduct.
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