what is ostomy: Understanding Ostomy Surgery, Types, Care, and Life After Surgery
Ostomy surgery is a life-saving procedure that creates a stoma, or an opening in the abdominal wall, to allow bodily waste to exit when the urinary or digestive system cannot function properly. Common reasons for ostomies include birth defects, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and trauma. The three main types of ostomies are colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy.
A colostomy involves the large intestine and creates a stoma by bringing the colon to the abdominal wall. It can be temporary or permanent, depending on the condition. An ileostomy, on the other hand, is a surgically created opening from the small intestine (ileum) and is often performed when part or all of the colon is removed. Urostomy surgery diverts urine away from a diseased or defective bladder through procedures like the ileal or cecal conduit, creating a passageway for urine. 
For those seeking an alternative to conventional ostomies, continent diversion surgeries such as the Indiana or Kock pouch create an internal reservoir for waste. A J-Pouch, also known as IPAA surgery, is commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), providing patients with an option to store and pass stool without an external ostomy bag.
Living with a stoma requires proper ostomy care, including using a prosthetic pouch or ostomy bag to collect waste. Continent urostomy options provide an internal pouch that requires catheterization. While ostomy surgery introduces a new way of life, it does not lower life expectancy, and many individuals live long, fulfilling lives with the right support and care.
Whether you have a colostomy, ileostomy, or urostomy, understanding the different types and proper management practices is essential for maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle. Ostomy surgery is a step towards a “new normal,” providing a safe, effective solution for those facing severe digestive or urinary issues.
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