Ghana has seen a troubling decline in environmental sustainability over the last decade, according to the 2024 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG). This extensive assessment of governance among African nations highlights a significant deterioration in Ghana’s performance in the "Sustainable Environment" sub-category. This area evaluates critical environmental factors such as land and forest management, air quality, and the preservation of biodiversity.
The statistics presented in the report are alarming. Ghana's score for sustainable land and forest use has dropped from 41.9 in 2014 to 37.6 in 2023, reflecting a decline of 4.3 points. The most significant reduction, however, is seen in the nation’s ability to protect land and water biodiversity. Here, scores have plummeted from 37 points in 2014 to a stark 24 points in 2023, marking a staggering decrease of 12.1 points. Additionally, the report reveals a dramatic decline in Ghana's efforts to combat illegal biodiversity exploitation. The scores in this area have fallen by over 59%, dropping from 61.5 in 2014 to just 25.0 in 2023.
These figures highlight a concerning trend of environmental degradation in Ghana, particularly when compared to its regional counterparts. The country now ranks 39th out of 54 African nations in sustainable environmental practices, with a net score of -2.5 points. In contrast, neighboring Togo performs significantly better, holding the 12th position with a score of 20 points in the same category. This stark difference underscores Ghana's status as the nation with the most severe decline in environmental sustainability across the continent, evidenced by its -2.5 point decrease.
The IIAG report comes at a time of increasing alarm over the rampant illegal mining activities, known locally as "galamsey." These activities are inflicting severe damage on Ghana's natural resources, leading to widespread environmental repercussions. The adverse effects of galamsey include extensive deforestation, pollution of rivers, and contamination of vital water sources, which pose significant threats to both ecosystems and local communities.
In light of these pressing issues, the Ghanaian Parliament is considering a response to the growing public outcry, which includes demands to repeal the controversial Environmental Protection (Mining in Forest Reserves) Regulation 2022 (L.I. 2462). This law has faced heavy criticism for its allowance of mining operations within protected forest areas, raising concerns among environmental advocates and citizens alike.
The situation is further complicated by the socio-economic factors that drive illegal mining. Many individuals turn to galamsey as a means of livelihood in the face of poverty and unemployment, creating a challenging dilemma for policymakers. Balancing economic needs with environmental protection requires a nuanced approach that addresses both the immediate needs of local communities and the long-term health of the environment.
As Ghana grapples with these challenges, the need for comprehensive and effective governance in environmental management becomes increasingly vital. Stakeholders, including government bodies, civil society, and local communities, must collaborate to develop strategies that promote sustainable practices while also providing viable economic alternatives to illegal mining. The path forward must prioritize the restoration and preservation of Ghana's natural resources, ensuring that future generations inherit a healthier and more sustainable environment.
This collective effort is essential not only for the wellbeing of Ghana's ecosystems but also for the broader goal of achieving sustainable development across the region. The time for action is now, as the consequences of inaction could be dire, impacting not just the environment but also the livelihoods and health of countless Ghanaians.
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Ghana has seen a troubling decline in environmental sustainability over the last decade, according to the 2024 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG). This extensive assessment of governance among African nations highlights a significant deterioration in Ghana’s performance in the "Sustainable Environment" sub-category. This area evaluates critical environmental factors such as land and forest management, air quality, and the preservation of biodiversity.
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