Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease; hence, its etiology may vary from person to person. Although the specific cause of this cancer is not identified, some factors, based on research, can predispose an individual to this type of cancer. Knowledge of these possible causes increases the chances of prevention, early detection, and effective treatment.
1. Genetic Factors
Inherited genetic mutations are among the more well-known causes of breast cancer. Carriers of mutations in either of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have a significantly higher risk for the development of breast cancer. The key function of these genes is related to the repair of DNA damage, but after they have been mutated, cells can proliferate uncontrollably and result in cancer. Family history with breast cancer, especially in first-order relatives like mothers or sisters, implies higher risk.
2. Factors of Hormones
Development of breast cancer is very much associated with some hormones like estrogen, progesterone. Longer exposure, therefore, to these hormones increases the risk. Early commencement of menstruation, for example, or late menopause increases this risk. It has been seen that the administration of hormone replacement therapy at menopause has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer especially for long use.
3. Age and Gender
Age is the highest risk factor for breast cancer, and the chances of a woman developing it increase with age. Most diagnoses, therefore, are made in people over the age of 50. Men may get breast cancer, but this is very rare.
4. Lifestyle Factors
Some risk factors for developing breast cancer are related to personal lifestyle. Alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and overweight or obesity-are known factors that increase risks for postmenopausal breast cancer. A diet high in saturated fat and low in fruits and vegetables may also increase a person's risk.
5. Environmental Exposures
The risk of breast cancer is increased, especially when radiation exposure occurs during childhood and/or at a young age. Other environmental factors include chemicals in the workplace or household that may make a contribution; however, much research will be needed to elucidate those relationships.
Whereas there are several known risk factors, breast cancer also very importantly occurs in women with no risk factors. However, many of these women with the mentioned risk factors likewise do not develop breast cancer, and the role of regular screening and a healthy lifestyle has been paramount in pursuit of prevention and early detection.
blogpay
Total Comments: 0