Tinea capitis is a contagious fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts caused by dermatophyte fungi. It is most common in children but can affect individuals of all ages.
---
Causes
Tinea capitis is caused by a fungal infection due to dermatophyte species, primarily:
1. Trichophyton species (e.g., Trichophyton tonsurans)
2. Microsporum species (e.g., Microsporum canis)
Modes of Transmission:
1. Person-to-Person Contact:
Close contact with an infected individual.
2. Animal-to-Human Transmission:
Direct contact with infected animals, especially cats and dogs.
3. Contaminated Objects:
Shared items like combs, hats, towels, or bedding.
4. Environmental Contact:
Fungi can survive in soil and infect humans through contact with contaminated soil.
---
Signs and Symptoms
1. Hair Loss:
Scaly, circular patches of hair loss. The hair may break close to the scalp, leaving "black dot" stumps.
2. Scaly Lesions:
Red, scaly, and itchy patches on the scalp.
3. Inflamed Areas (Kerion):
Severe cases may develop kerions—painful, pus-filled, swollen lesions that can result in permanent scarring and hair loss.
4. Itching:
Persistent itchiness on the scalp.
5. Flaking or Dandruff-like Symptoms:
Skin may flake, resembling dandruff.
6. Swollen Lymph Nodes:
Nearby lymph nodes may become swollen due to the infection.
7. Brittle Hair:
Affected hair becomes brittle and breaks easily.
---
Effects
1. Hair Loss:
Hair loss may be temporary but can be permanent in severe cases with scarring.
2. Social and Emotional Impact:
Visible hair loss and scalp lesions can lead to embarrassment, reduced self-esteem, and social stigma.
3. Secondary Infections:
Scratching can cause bacterial infections, worsening the condition.
4. Scarring Alopecia:
If not treated promptly, scarring may prevent hair regrowth in affected areas.
---
Solutions and Treatments
Medical Treatments
1. Oral Antifungal Medications:
Griseofulvin: The most commonly prescribed oral antifungal for tinea capitis.
Terbinafine: An alternative effective antifungal.
Itraconazole or Fluconazole: Used in cases resistant to griseofulvin or terbinafine.
2. Topical Antifungals:
Often used alongside oral medications to prevent spreading:
Ketoconazole shampoo
Selenium sulfide shampoo
Ciclopirox shampoo
3. Treatment for Secondary Infections:
Antibiotics may be prescribed if bacterial infection occurs due to scratching.
---
Home Care and Remedies
1. Hygiene Maintenance:
Wash hair and scalp regularly with medicated shampoos to reduce fungal growth.
Avoid sharing combs, brushes, or towels.
2. Keep Scalp Clean and Dry:
Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments; ensure proper scalp hygiene.
3. Natural Remedies (Complementary):
Tea Tree Oil: Has antifungal properties. Dilute before use and apply sparingly.
Apple Cider Vinegar: May help reduce fungal growth when diluted and applied to the scalp.
---
Preventive Measures
1. Avoid Sharing Personal Items:
Do not share combs, hats, pillows, or other personal items.
2. Regular Hair Washing:
Use antifungal or medicated shampoos, especially in high-risk environments.
3. Treat Pets:
Inspect pets for signs of fungal infection and take them to the vet if needed.
4. Educate Children:
Teach children about the importance of not sharing hats, combs, or brushes.
---
When to See a Doctor
Persistent or worsening symptoms despite using over-the-counter treatments.
Large, painful, or pus-filled lesions (kerion).
Signs of secondary bacterial infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or fever.
With timely diagnosis and treatment, tinea capitis can be effectively managed, preventing complications like permanent hair loss or scarring.
blogpay
Total Comments: 0