Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, has become a significant health challenge in Ghana. According to the Ghana Health Service (GHS), approximately 3.7 million Ghanaians are affected by the condition, with 1.9 million unaware they have it. Alarming data reveals that seven out of ten men and four out of ten women with high blood pressure remain undiagnosed, increasing the risk of sudden strokes and related complications.
Hypertension, often called the "silent killer," is a leading cause of strokes, kidney disease, and heart failure. While its prevalence is higher in urban areas, it disproportionately affects men compared to women. This highlights the pressing need for widespread public awareness and regular health screenings.
The Human Toll
The devastating impact of hypertension is evident in personal stories like that of Racheal, a trader who lost two siblings to the disease. Her third sibling is currently bedridden after suffering a stroke. “My younger sister got it during pregnancy and died shortly after delivery. Another sibling always advised us to check our blood pressure, but he never checked his. He died two years ago. Now, one is alive but bedridden,” she recounted.
Racheal now monitors her own blood pressure regularly to avoid a similar fate. Similarly, Ama, diagnosed at 25 after frequent headaches, shared her struggles with managing the condition. “I was admitted and told to take my medications religiously. It’s not an easy illness—it can kill you,” she emphasized.
A Widespread Issue
In 2019, the GHS reported that only 30% of hypertensive individuals in Ghana were aware of their condition, and just 25% were receiving treatment. The recent findings show the situation has not significantly improved, with many Ghanaians failing to prioritize blood pressure checks. A 2024 survey conducted across selected districts highlighted this gap, noting that many people do not check their blood pressure even once a year.
Dr. Efua Commeh, Programme Manager for Non-Communicable Diseases at the GHS, stressed the importance of regular monitoring. “Sudden strokes and collapses often stem from undiagnosed hypertension. Checking your blood pressure at least once a year is critical. You don’t have to visit a hospital; many pharmacies now offer BP checks,” she explained.
The Road Ahead
Key risk factors for hypertension include physical inactivity, poor diet, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history. With stroke being the second leading cause of death in Ghana, affecting 120,000 people annually, addressing these risks is imperative.
Raising awareness and encouraging regular blood pressure checks are essential steps to combat this silent killer. Early detection and consistent treatment can save countless lives and reduce the burden on families and the healthcare system.
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