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February 23rd , 2025

David Quartey

9 hours ago

FOOD HEALTHY

Food & Drink

9 hours ago

ood: food that is simply prepared and gives a sense of wellbeing

the word "food"

the word "food" comes from the germanic verb fodjan

which means "to feed".

humans are highly adaptable and have adapted to obtaining food in many different ecosystems. humans generally use cooking to prepare food for consumption. the majority of the food energy required is supplied by the industrial food industry

which produces food through intensive agriculture and distributes it through complex food processing and food distribution systems. this system of conventional agriculture relies heavily on fossil fuels

which means that the food and agricultural systems are one of the major contributors to climate change

accounting for as much as 37% of total greenhouse gas emissions.

the food system has a significant impact on a wide range of other social and political issues

including sustainability

biological diversity

economics

population growth

water supply

and food security. food safety and security are monitored by international agencies

like the international association for food protection

the world resources institute

the world food programme

the food and agriculture organization

and the international food information council.

food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support and energy to an organism.[2][3] it can be raw

processed

or formulated and is consumed orally by animals for growth

health

or pleasure. food is mainly composed of water

lipids

and carbohydrates. minerals (e.g.

salts) and organic substances (e.g.

vitamins) can also be found in food.[4] plants

algae

and some microorganisms use photosynthesis to make some of their own nutrients.[5] water is found in many foods and has been defined as food by itself.[6] water and fiber have low energy densities

or calories

while fat is the most energy-dense component.[3] some inorganic (non-food) elements are also essential for plant and animal functioning.[7]

human food can be classified in various ways

either by related content or by how it is processed.[8] the number and composition of food groups can vary. most systems include four basic groups that describe their origin and relative nutritional function: vegetables and fruit

cereals and bread

dairy

and meat.[9] studies that look into diet quality group food into whole grains/cereals

refined grains/cereals

vegetables

fruits

nuts

legumes

eggs

dairy products

fish

red meat

processed meat

and sugar-sweetened beverages.[10][11][12] the food and agriculture organization and world health organization use a system with nineteen food classifications: cereals

roots

pulses and nuts

milk

fish and shellfish

meat

insects

fats and oils

sweets and sugars

spices and condiments

beverages

foods for nutritional uses

food additives

composite dishes and savory snacks

in a given ecosystem

food forms a web of interlocking chains with primary producers at the bottom and apex predators at the top.[14] other aspects of the web include detrovores (that eat detritis) and decomposers (that break down dead organisms).[14] primary producers include algae

plants

bacteria and protists that acquire their energy from sunlight.[15] primary consumers are the herbivores that consume the plants

and secondary consumers are the carnivores that consume those herbivores. some organisms

including most mammals and birds

diet consists of both animals and plants

and they are considered omnivores.[16] the chain ends with the apex predators

the animals that have no known predators in its ecosystem.[17] humans are considered apex predators.[18]

humans are omnivores

finding sustenance in vegetables

cooked meat

mushrooms and seaweed.[16] cereal grain is a staple food that provides more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop.[19] corn (maize)

wheat

and rice account for 87% of all grain production worldwide.[20][21][22] just over half of the world's crops are used to feed humans (55 percent)

with 36 percent grown as animal feed and 9 percent for biofuels.[23] fungi and bacteria are also used in the preparation of fermented foods like bread

wine

cheese and yogurt.[24]

photosynthesis

during photosynthesis

energy from the sun is absorbed and used to transform water and carbon dioxide in the air or soil into oxygen and glucose. the oxygen is then released

and the glucose stored as an energy reserve.[25] photosynthetic plants

algae and certain bacteria often represent the lowest point of the food chains

[26][27] making photosynthesis the primary source of energy and food for nearly all life on earth.[28]

plants also absorb important nutrients and minerals from the air

natural waters

and soil.[29] carbon

oxygen and hydrogen are absorbed from the air or water and are the basic nutrients needed for plant survival.[30] the three main nutrients absorbed from the soil for plant growth are nitrogen

phosphorus and potassium

with other important nutrients including calcium

sulfur

magnesium

iron boron

chlorine

manganese

zinc

copper molybdenum and nickel.[30]

microorganisms

bacteria and other microorganisms also form the lower rungs of the food chain. they obtain their energy from photosynthesis or by breaking down dead organisms

waste or chemical compounds. some form symbiotic relationships with other organisms to obtain their nutrients.[31] bacteria provide a source of food for protozoa

[32] who in turn provide a source of food for other organisms such as small invertebrates.[33] other organisms that feed on bacteria include nematodes

fan worms

shellfish and a species of snail.

in the marine environment

plankton (which includes bacteria

archaea

protozoa and microscopic fungi)[34] provide a crucial source of food to many small and large aquatic organisms.

without bacteria

life would scarcely exist because bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nutritious ammonia. ammonia is the precursor to proteins

nucleic acids

and most vitamins. since the advent of industrial process for nitrogen fixation

the haber-bosch process

the majority of ammonia in the world is human-made.[35]

plants as a food source are divided into seeds

grains and nuts.[36] where plants fall within these categories can vary

with botanically described fruits such as the tomato

squash

pepper and eggplant or seeds like peas commonly considered vegetables.[37] food is a fruit if the part eaten is derived from the reproductive tissue

so seeds

nuts and grains are technically fruit.[38][39] from a culinary perspective

fruits are generally considered the remains of botanically described fruits after grains

seeds and fruits used as vegetables are removed.[40] grains can be defined as seeds that humans eat or harvest

with cereal grains (oats

rice

corn

barley

rye

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