The Ghana Armed Forces are made up of three main branches: the Ghana Army, Ghana Air Force, and Ghana Navy. Each branch has its own unique traditions, customs, and protocols. These customs are not just about following rules, but about showing respect, discipline, and heritage.
On Friday, April 11, 2025, President John Dramani Mahama attended the graduation ceremony of Cadet Officers' Course 63 at the Ghana Military Academy in Teshie, Accra. The President, dressed in a full Ghana Navy ceremonial uniform, rendered a salute during the national anthem that sparked debate online. Some observers questioned the posture of his hand and the angle of the salute, suggesting it was "incorrect" or "improper."
UNDERSTANDING MILITARY SALUTES
Each branch of the military has its own way of rendering a salute. Let's break down the different salutes:
- *Ghana Army and Ghana Air Force Salute*:
- The palm faces outward, and the fingers are straight and together.
- The arm is raised at a 45-degree angle, with the forearm and hand in line.
- This salute is a sign of respect and discipline, and is commonly seen in Army and Air Force settings.
- *Ghana Navy Salute*:
- The palm faces downward, with the hand nearly horizontal to the ground.
- This form is rooted in naval tradition and reflects historical practices from British naval customs.
- The naval salute is designed to reflect discipline and maritime heritage, and is an important part of Navy protocol.
WHY THE PRESIDENT'S SALUTE WAS CORRECT
The President's salute was entirely appropriate for the uniform he wore. As Commander-in-Chief, he is entitled to wear any of the Armed Forces' uniforms during ceremonial functions. When he wears a specific service's uniform, he is expected to observe that service's customs, including how to render a salute. In this case, the President performed a naval salute, which is distinct from the salutes rendered by the Army and Air Force.
APPRECIATING MILITARY CUSTOMS
Military customs are not arbitrary; they reflect centuries of heritage, discipline, and service. By understanding these customs, we can appreciate the significance of the President's salute and the heritage it represents. Each branch of the military has its own unique traditions and protocols, and by learning about these customs, we can build positive civil-military relations.
THE BRIEF
The President's salute during the national anthem may have sparked debate, but it presents an opportunity to educate the public about the Ghana Armed Forces and their traditions. By understanding the context of the uniform and the specific salute protocol, we can appreciate the significance of the gesture and the heritage it represents. Next time you see a salute, consider asking which branch it represents, because in the military, every detail tells a story.
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