SAMPLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON PEMD @2025
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1(a) Define the following terms:
i) Sprain
ii) Strain
iii) Dislocation
iv) Fracture
(b) Mention the three (3) aims of First Aid in the treatments of injuries
2. Write briefly on the Apatampa dance using the following guidelines.
(a) Historical background
(b) Two occasions for performance
(c) Three (3) instruments that are used in the performance
(d) Performance practice/physical activity in the dance
3.(a) How would you explain the concept of physical fitness to a group of cocoa farmers?
(b) List and explain the five (5) Health Related Physical Fitness components.
4.(a) State three (3) uses of music and dance in the Ghanaian society.
(b) Write three (3) importance of Rites-de-Passage.
(c) Outline four (4) functions of indigenous songs associated with Rites -de-Passage
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ANSWERS
*1. (a) Define the following terms:*
*(i) Sprain*
A sprain is a soft tissue injury that involves the overstretching or tearing of a *ligament* (the fibrous tissue that connects bones to each other at a joint).
*(ii) Strain*
A strain is a soft tissue injury that involves the overstretching or tearing of a *muscle* or a *tendon* (the fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones).
*(iii) Dislocation*
A dislocation is an injury where the ends of the bones are forced from their normal positions, causing a separation in the joint. This often involves damage to the ligaments and joint capsule.
*(iv) Fracture*
A fracture is a break or crack in a bone. It can range from a thin hairline crack to a complete break where the bone is separated into two or more pieces.
*(b) Mention the three (3) aims of First Aid in the treatments of injuries*
1. *To preserve life:* This is the primary aim, which includes ensuring the casualty can breathe and their heart continues to beat.
2. *To prevent the injury or condition from worsening:* This involves providing appropriate care to stop the injury from becoming more severe (e.g., immobilizing a fracture to prevent further damage).
3. *To promote recovery:* This involves taking steps to aid the healing process and provide comfort to the casualty until professional medical help arrives.
*2. Write briefly on the Apatampa dance.*
*(a) Historical background*
Apatampa is a traditional dance of the Fante people of Ghana. The name is believed to derive from the phrase "Apa tamp-a" meaning "separate the fight." Legend has it that a mysterious spirit or woman would appear at night to dance and separate (tampa) groups of men who were fighting, bringing peace to the community. The dance is therefore deeply rooted in themes of conflict resolution, peace, and communal harmony.
*(b) Two occasions for performance*
1. *Festivals and Durbars:* It is performed during major Fante festivals like the Oguaa Fetu Afahye.
2. *Social Gatherings and Funerals:* It is used to entertain, bring people together, and celebrate the life of a departed elder.
*(c) Three (3) instruments that are used in the performance*
1. *Fontomfrom (Bass Drum):* Provides the deep, underlying rhythm and pulse.
2. *Atumpan (Talking Drums):* Used to communicate specific messages and rhythms.
3. *Gong-gong (Double Iron Bell):* Keeps the time and main beat for the other musicians and dancers.
*(d) Performance practice/physical activity in the dance*
The dance is characterized by its graceful and precise movements. Dancers, typically women, form lines or circles. The core movement involves a series of smooth, controlled steps, often moving backwards and forwards, with gentle arm movements and graceful turns. The dancers use their feet to create rhythmic patterns on the ground, and their movements are synchronized with the complex rhythms of the drums.
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### *3. (a) How would you explain the concept of physical fitness to a group of cocoa farmers?*
"I would explain physical fitness in a way that relates directly to their work. I'd say: 'Physical fitness is simply your body's ability to do your hard work on the farm effectively without getting tired too quickly. It's about having the strength to carry heavy baskets of cocoa pods, the stamina to work from morning till evening, the flexibility to bend and pick pods without feeling pain, and the good health to avoid sickness that would keep you away from your farm. A fit body is like a well-maintained farm tool—it makes your work easier and more productive.'"
*(b) List and explain the five (5) Health Related Physical Fitness components.*
1. *Cardiovascular Endurance:* This is the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles efficiently during sustained physical activity. It is crucial for activities like long-distance walking or running on the farm.
2. *Muscular Strength:* This is the maximum amount of force a muscle or group of muscles can exert against a resistance in a single effort. For a farmer, this is the strength needed to lift a heavy sack of cocoa beans.
3. *Muscular Endurance:* This is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions or to continue applying force against a fixed object over time. This is needed for repetitive tasks like cutting cocoa pods with a machete for hours.
4. *Flexibility:* This is the range of motion available at a joint. It allows the body to move freely without stiffness or pain. Good flexibility helps a farmer bend down to pick pods or reach for branches without risking injury.
5. *Body Composition:* This refers to the relative percentage of body fat compared to lean body mass (muscle, bone, water, etc.). A healthy body composition (lower body fat percentage) reduces the risk of diseases and makes physical work less strenuous.
*4. (a) State three (3) uses of music and dance in the Ghanaian society.*
1. *Communication and Storytelling:* Music and dance are used to recount historical events, narrate folktales, and convey important social messages and values from one generation to another.
2. *Religious and Spiritual Worship:* They are integral parts of religious ceremonies, used to invoke deities, connect with the spiritual world, and express faith and devotion.
3. *Social Cohesion and Entertainment:* They bring communities together for celebrations (festivals, weddings, naming ceremonies), provide entertainment, and strengthen social bonds among people.
*(b) Write three (3) importance of Rites-de-Passage.*
1. *They mark and validate a change in social status:* They formally and publicly recognize an individual's transition from one stage of life to another (e.g., from childhood to adulthood).
2. *They reinforce cultural identity and values:* The rituals involved teach initiates about their cultural heritage, responsibilities, and the core values of their community.
3. *They create a sense of belonging and community:* They integrate the individual into a new social group (e.g., a group of elders or warriors) and strengthen the bonds within the entire community that participates in the ceremony.
*(c) Outline four (4) functions of indigenous songs associated with Rites-de-Passage*
1. *Instructional Function:* They are used to teach initiates the new knowledge, skills, taboos, and responsibilities associated with their new status in life.
2. *Spiritual Function:* They are used to invoke ancestral spirits for protection, guidance, and blessings upon the initiate during this vulnerable period of transition.
3. *Celebratory Function:* They are used to express joy, celebrate the successful completion of the rites, and welcome the initiate into their new social role.
4. *Unifying Function:* The communal singing fosters a sense of solidarity, shared identity, and collective support for the initiate from the entire community.
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