Diabetes is a sugar disease which occurs when there is an abnormally high sugar level in the blood due to the inability of the body cells to store sugar as glycogen and as a result appearing in urine. Now let's dive deep into the truth. There are so many monosaccharides but the monosaccharide that is available in the blood is glucose, this is because if any type of monosaccharide gets into circulation from the GIT the liver converts it to glucose.
The cause of the abnormally high glucose in the blood can be due to autoimmune distraction of the Beta cells of the pancrease or the lack of insulin receptors on our body cells. When the problem is as a result of autoimmune distraction of the Beta cells we term it as type 1 daibetes and if the problem is as a result of lack of insulin receptors on the body cells we term it as type 2 diabetes.
Now since glucose cannot get into the body cells for it to be used to produce energy molecules such as ATP, it would now depend on other macromolecules such as lipids and protein. When lipids are broken down ketones would form part of the by product. This molecule is volatile and can be removed through breathing it can also be passed through the urinary system.
Now for type 1 daibetes there would be no insulin available so glucagon would cause the elevation of ketones production since insulin is not available because the Beta cells are destroyed and as a result would tested positive for ketones in urine when a dip stick is used. This confirms a type 1 daibetes.
For type two diabetes insulin is present and can counteract the effect of glucagon hence preventing the production of ketones. For that reason when a urine dip stick is used to test the urine there would be glycosuria but ketones would be negative.
This is how type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be diagnosed using the urine dip stick.
We have to also be mindful about another type of diabetes known as diabetes insipidus.
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production since insulin is not available because the Beta cells are destroyed and as a result would tested positive for ketones in urine when a dip stick is used. This confirms a type 1 daibetes.
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