John Kufuor, in full John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor, (born December 8, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast [now Ghana]), Ghanaian businessman and politician who served as president of Ghana (2001–09).
Kufuor was the 7th of 10 children of Nana Kwadwo Agyekum, an Asante royal, and Nana Ama Dapaah, a queen mother. Kufuor was educated at Prempeh College in Kumasi and in Great Britain. He was called to the bar in 1961 at Lincoln’s Inn, London, and then studied at the University of Oxford, where in 1964 he earned a master’s degree in philosophy, politics, and economics.
After completing his education, Kufuor returned to Ghana and launched his political career. In 1967 he became chief legal officer and town clerk for the city of Kumasi. By 1969 he was a member of Parliament and deputy foreign minister in the government of Kofi Busia. After Busia was overthrown in 1972, Kufuor spent several years as a businessman in the private sector. During Ghana’s transition back to democracy in 1979, Kufuor returned to public life. He was a member of the assembly that drafted the constitution of the third republic, and he was elected to Parliament in 1979, serving as deputy minority parliamentary leader. After Jerry J. Rawlings overthrew the government in late 1981, Kufuor stayed on as Rawlings’s secretary for local government. He resigned less than a year later, however, expressing his disappointment with the Rawlings regime.
Kufuor spent the rest of the decade as a private citizen until Ghana returned to democratic politics in 1992. He helped found the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and in 1996 became the party’s candidate for president. Though Kufuor lost to Rawlings in the national election that year, the NPP nominated him again to stand in the December 2000 election. Kufuor ran on a platform that emphasized improving the Ghanaian economy and educational system and capitalized on the mood of voters who were ready for a change in leadership. Kufuor garnered the most votes in the presidential election but did not have a majority, thus requiring a runoff election to be held later that month. Kufuor won the runoff election, capturing 57 percent of the vote.
On January 7, 2001, Kufuor began his first term as president. His inauguration marked the first peaceful transfer of power between democratically elected governments since Ghanaian independence in 1957. He spent his first year in office concentrating his efforts on the national economy. Though unemployment and inflation remained high, the national currency stabilized, and investment in the country increased. After being reelected in 2004 with 52.75 percent of the vote, Kufuor visited many countries to build stronger ties with the international community. He stepped down from office upon the end of his second term and was succeeded by John Evans Atta Mills. Kufour served as the chairperson of the African Union in 2007–08.
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