Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second caliph after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. He was born in Mecca to a noble family and was a close companion of the Prophet. He accepted Islam early on and played a vital role in spreading Islam during the early years of Islam. Umar's conversion to Islam was considered a significant turning point in the history of Islam.
During his caliphate, Umar established many reforms, including setting up organized administrative systems and strictly enforcing laws. He also introduced the Islamic calendar, which began with the Prophet's Hijra (migration) from Mecca to Medina.
Umar was known for his simplicity, justice, and fairness. He was also known for his strength and bravery, particularly during military campaigns. During his caliphate, the Islamic empire expanded significantly, with many notable conquests in Iraq, Persia, and Syria.
Umar's reign was not without challenges. His caliphate was marked by several rebellions, including the famous revolt of the Kharijites. However, Umar successfully suppressed these rebellions and maintained peace within the Islamic state.
Umar is also known for his social welfare programs. He established a system of welfare for the poor and needy, which included a welfare tax known as Zakat. He also established public funds for widows, orphans, and the disabled.
Umar's death was a tragic event in Islamic history. He was assassinated by a Persian slave who objected to Umar's policies towards non-Arab Muslims. Umar's leadership played a crucial role in shaping the foundations of Islamic society, and he is regarded as one of the greatest caliphs in Islamic history. His legacy continues to inspire Muslims around the world today.
The following are his contributions and his caliphate. Caliph Umar reign for 10 years.
For fear of Allah on the part of Christians and jews, Umar asked the Christians of Nejran to leave for a different location or received money in compensation, relationship with the Prophet (S.A.W) and military services.
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